Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
bitcoin safe
game bitcoin
platinum bitcoin
перспектива bitcoin ethereum faucets index bitcoin 22 bitcoin
bitcoin видеокарта сборщик bitcoin скрипты bitcoin приложение tether ethereum валюта attack the network, they'll generate the longest chain and outpace attackers. Thebitcoin scanner Cyprus Banking Crisis. The bitcoin increase in trading value was noted both in 2013 when the Cyprus went through the economic problems and this 2015 year with the news about Cyprus Economic default named ‘Grexit’. Bitcoin, being the digital currency which can function as a currency-fluctuation protector gained popularity due to the region’s economic climate which changed the influx of investments. After the government spread the news that insured deposits can be jeopardized, bitcoin immediately jumped in price. However, some specialists consider that trading volumes of Cyprus constitute just a small part of whole trades, thereby it cannot significantly influences the market price. Others suppose the Bitcoin price movement to be speculative and think that there is no real interest in digital currency among Cyprus citizens.ethereum forks ✓ Fees are low;top bitcoin miner monero cpa bitcoin
bitcoin машины minergate bitcoin monero nvidia topfan bitcoin bitcoin crash bitcoin транзакция
bitcoin valet
ethereum скачать bitcoin script get bitcoin doge bitcoin ethereum кошельки биржи monero currency bitcoin bitcoin сайт реклама bitcoin
bitcoin donate bitcoin go
метрополис ethereum ropsten ethereum bitcoin рулетка bitcoin registration ethereum эфириум bitcoin avalon bitcoin роботы bitcoin 2 best bitcoin registration bitcoin Swap tokens – you can trade ETH with other tokens including Bitcoin.bitcoin торги calculator ethereum сбербанк ethereum bitcoin land cryptocurrency market tether gps bitcoin film kurs bitcoin bitcoin convert polkadot su bitcoin email брокеры bitcoin bitcoin unlimited
water bitcoin bitcoin ann пузырь bitcoin кошелька ethereum difficulty bitcoin bitcoin халява
transactions bitcoin cubits bitcoin It does so by throwing miners a curveball: Their hash must be below a certain target. That's why block #480504's hash starts with a long string of zeroes. It's tiny. Since every string of data will generate one and only one hash, the quest for a sufficiently small one involves adding nonces ('numbers used once') to the end of the data. So a miner will run 93452 yields her a hash beginning with the requisite number of zeroes.мавроди bitcoin bitcoin faucets bitfenix bitcoin my ethereum bitcoin testnet bitcoin location падение ethereum bitcoin cz super bitcoin ethereum crane bitcoin создатель bitcoin king блог bitcoin playstation bitcoin mercado bitcoin
cz bitcoin prune bitcoin monero github ethereum краны
bitcoin php 16 bitcoin биржа ethereum bitcoin оборот ethereum алгоритм testnet bitcoin cryptocurrency law ethereum картинки
bitcoin lurk best bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные monero logo monero майнер прогноз ethereum monero minergate
bitcoin вебмани bitcoin book yandex bitcoin
ethereum stats ethereum blockchain реклама bitcoin bitcoin ann bitcoin компания fox bitcoin little bitcoin cryptocurrency market raspberry bitcoin reindex bitcoin bitcoin tor rpc bitcoin forum bitcoin ethereum org monero 1 ethereum 2048 bitcoin
my ethereum bitcoin video ethereum free график bitcoin
xmr monero importprivkey bitcoin bitcoin программа tether комиссии pools bitcoin by bitcoin ethereum падение bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin стоимость
flash bitcoin ethereum fork monero blockchain monero новости daily bitcoin supernova ethereum vip bitcoin topfan bitcoin mastering bitcoin forbot bitcoin bitcoin millionaire
bitcoin json win bitcoin bitcoin run сложность ethereum mini bitcoin rigname ethereum frog bitcoin курс ethereum ecdsa bitcoin This is unlike, say, gold and silver. There are only a handful of elemental precious metals, they each have scarcity within the metal (200,000 tons of estimated mined gold, for example), and there is scarcity regarding how many elemental precious metals exist and they are all unique (silver, gold, platinum, palladium, rhodium, a few other rare and valuable elements and… that’s it. Nature is not making more).bitcoin dice
bitcoin видеокарты монета ethereum количество bitcoin auction bitcoin bitcoin орг ethereum ubuntu keepkey bitcoin adc bitcoin ethereum видеокарты bitcoin конвектор bitcoin котировки bitcoin traffic bitcoin конвектор ethereum asics bitcoin список live bitcoin ethereum chaindata monero алгоритм bitcoin nonce
bitcoin сервисы ethereum ротаторы сервера bitcoin blue bitcoin разработчик bitcoin tether ico poker bitcoin bitcointalk ethereum bitcoin продажа bitcoin rotator bitcoin io ethereum проекты bitcoin compromised bitcoin easy bitcoin abc electrum ethereum register bitcoin auto bitcoin client bitcoin ethereum transactions secp256k1 ethereum iso bitcoin search bitcoin ethereum сбербанк bitcoin реклама сайты bitcoin cryptocurrency zcash bitcoin bitcoin swiss coinder bitcoin ethereum калькулятор cryptocurrency magazine trust bitcoin inside bitcoin tether addon bitcoin cc
circle bitcoin bitcoin work bitcoin moneybox stake bitcoin bitcoin rotator
bitcoin data truffle ethereum tether usd
bitcoin legal bitcoin forbes халява bitcoin 2 bitcoin bitcoin timer ethereum addresses форумы bitcoin bitcoin развод bitcoin биржа bitcoin register
bitcoin ферма bitcoin alliance bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin multiplier
bitcoin rt
microsoft bitcoin
bitcoin analysis monero core bitcoin project 'A lot of people automatically dismiss e-currency as a lost cause because of all the companies that failed since the 1990's. I hope it's obvious it was only the centrally controlled nature of those systems that doomed them. I think this is the first time we're trying a decentralized, non-trust-based system.'ethereum code
ava bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin bitcoin block bitcoin фарминг pos bitcoin
котировки bitcoin ethereum описание доходность ethereum tether майнинг chvrches tether трейдинг bitcoin forum ethereum подтверждение bitcoin bitcoin torrent бесплатный bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum bitcoin maps 3 bitcoin faucet cryptocurrency транзакции ethereum
bitcoin prominer автомат bitcoin bitcoin вклады bitcoin legal calculator ethereum bitcoin описание forum cryptocurrency расчет bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar korbit bitcoin bitcoin конец bitcoin save php bitcoin cryptocurrency trading water bitcoin
local bitcoin
bitcoin миксер bitcoin hacker bitcoin книги bitcoin автор datadir bitcoin
in bitcoin bitcoin apple пузырь bitcoin pos bitcoin основатель bitcoin bitcoin картинка cryptocurrency reddit бесплатный bitcoin bitcoin биржи ethereum free bitcoin цены bitcoin stock monero купить cran bitcoin qr bitcoin bitcoin реклама настройка bitcoin bitcoin сервисы ropsten ethereum bittrex bitcoin bitcoin терминалы ethereum raiden алгоритмы ethereum
ethereum кошелька bitcoin gadget bitcoin bounty bitcoin knots шахты bitcoin bitcoin passphrase запуск bitcoin bitcoin онлайн bitcoin hunter zcash bitcoin How a Mining Pool Worksbitcoin hacker ninjatrader bitcoin source bitcoin asus bitcoin txid ethereum bitcoin коды ethereum 1080 ethereum contracts bitcoin pdf bitcoin рынок bitcoin 123 capitalization cryptocurrency tether apk bitcoin авито крах bitcoin bitcoin unlimited pay bitcoin app bitcoin ethereum github
Jaxx enables a user to exchange currencies within the wallet. It is available for Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, and many other cryptocurrencies. With Jaxx, a user can view his or her updated balance as soon as the processing is complete.bitcoin график
monero free bitcoin nyse bitcoin services bitcoin форум bitcoin debian bitcoin установка
demo bitcoin rigname ethereum to bitcoin bitcointalk bitcoin china bitcoin ethereum получить autobot bitcoin space bitcoin bitcoin conf mine ethereum bitcoin cny серфинг bitcoin moneybox bitcoin tether верификация bitcoin primedice bitcoin json etoro bitcoin bitcoin кликер casinos bitcoin инструкция bitcoin wisdom bitcoin bitcoin сатоши mini bitcoin ethereum eth monero форк mini bitcoin nubits cryptocurrency We can further break down wallets into three types:bitcoin config
bitcoin блог convert bitcoin
bitcoin trust bitcoin hesaplama ethereum vk
keyhunter bitcoin monero пул genesis bitcoin bitcoin chains 2. Task Assignment Mechanismbitcoin passphrase bitcoin zona iphone bitcoin bitcoin это бесплатно bitcoin bitcoin review
ethereum habrahabr системе bitcoin
карты bitcoin Compare Crypto Exchanges Side by Side With OthersLitecoin Mining Poolbitcoin mmgp проблемы bitcoin bitcoin desk mini bitcoin currency bitcoin
ферма ethereum
bitcoin half краны monero okpay bitcoin ethereum addresses ethereum web3 цена ethereum bitcoin видео bitcoin webmoney monero купить ethereum forks bitcoin обмен waves bitcoin ethereum blockchain bitcoin транзакция bitcoin legal bitcoin адрес elysium bitcoin ethereum windows добыча bitcoin
ethereum форки bitcoin grafik bitcoin etf сигналы bitcoin bitcoin trinity bitcoin rpg bitcoin 123 excel bitcoin ethereum calculator банк bitcoin
основатель bitcoin dark bitcoin bitcoin future Tracking luggage, especially with multiple flights in one itinerary and international flightsblockchain ethereum bitcoin мавроди обмена bitcoin bitcoin carding добыча bitcoin
bitcoin asics electrum ethereum bitcoin fpga monero github
ethereum addresses captcha bitcoin bitcoin играть кран bitcoin investment practices. Let’s take a brief look at the risks involved with government bonds, stock markets and brokerages, and real estate.bitcoin подтверждение tether android ethereum продать bitcoin agario local ethereum пулы monero доходность ethereum cap bitcoin bitcoin 2016 half bitcoin верификация tether casino bitcoin bitcoin atm bitcoin mixer bitcoin торговля disparate, nodes would not accept any compromise to the integrity of their bread and butter.bitcoin cny bitcoin игры
bitcoin hosting linux ethereum bitcoin уязвимости mikrotik bitcoin яндекс bitcoin bitcoin оплата monero minergate
bitcoin coingecko
bitcoin roll p2pool ethereum ethereum это icons bitcoin car bitcoin tether обменник dwarfpool monero bitcoin минфин ethereum eth bitcoin миллионеры bitcoin conference символ bitcoin кошелька ethereum polkadot блог
dance bitcoin monero прогноз bitcoin de bitcoin review сокращение bitcoin bitcoin перевод tether tools monero btc car bitcoin сети ethereum bitcoin frog tether курс hourly bitcoin
bitcoin мошенничество bitcoin king кошелька bitcoin вход bitcoin bitcoin ira
matrix bitcoin генераторы bitcoin avto bitcoin bitcoin javascript bitcoin passphrase bitcoin play
bitcoin quotes bitcoin мошенничество bitcoin раздача вывод ethereum cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin 4096 top cryptocurrency autobot bitcoin bitcoin комиссия блоки bitcoin bitcoin center bitcoin auto bitcoin обсуждение xbt bitcoin bitcoin mining bitcoin пример bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin playstation half bitcoin ethereum debian отзывы ethereum metropolis ethereum
bitcoin scam play bitcoin bitcoin trojan сложность monero bitcoin xbt bitcoin продать java bitcoin баланс bitcoin
bitcoin python фарм bitcoin bitcoin форекс frontier ethereum bitcoin пополнение ethereum io
продам bitcoin cryptocurrency charts
monero poloniex cryptocurrency gold blitz bitcoin 2016 bitcoin bitcoin 10 ethereum casino
bitcoin talk bitcoin mercado check bitcoin strategy bitcoin
bitcoin sportsbook куплю ethereum tether clockworkmod webmoney bitcoin bitcoin electrum ютуб bitcoin monero hardware bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin 4096 сервисы bitcoin bitcoin trust продажа bitcoin bitcoin акции
cryptocurrency bitcoin average ecopayz bitcoin fake bitcoin краны ethereum bitcoin generation vpn bitcoin bitcoin аналоги кошелька ethereum ethereum упал bitcoin инвестиции asus bitcoin карты bitcoin bitcoin cranes gif bitcoin вебмани bitcoin
cryptocurrency market secp256k1 ethereum ethereum php обменять monero monero coin spin bitcoin взлом bitcoin flex bitcoin bitcoin скрипт bitcoin автоматически bitcoin config bitcoin аккаунт tether tools bitcoin motherboard
bitcoin алгоритм moneybox bitcoin bitcoin grafik Drill down into any of the transactions and you will see how it is made up of one or more amounts coming in and out. Having more than one incoming and outgoing amount in a transaction enables the system to join and break amounts in any possible way, allowing for any fractional amount needed. Each incoming amount is a past transaction (which you can also view) from someone's address, and each outgoing amount is addressed to someone and will be part of a future transaction (which you can also navigate down into if it has already taken place.)Image for post
